Heart disease guidelines label too many as sick: editorial

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CBC News
Last Updated Fri, 24 Jun 2005 16:33:12 EDT


"Normal" blood pressure and cholesterol guidelines in Europe have been set so low that over 90 per cent of people over 50 who are tested could end up taking expensive drugs unnecessarily, a new editorial says. The European Society of Cardiology's 2003 guidelines sets thresholds for blood pressure and cholesterol, the two most common biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

INDEPTH: Heart Disease
Although the guidelines take into account other risk factors and recommend lifestyle changes alongside drugs, the bottom line is doctors are expected to inform patients of their higher cardiovascular risk, regardless of the treatment approach, the authors said.

"In other words, a disease label is to be attached to the patient," general practitioners Steinar Westin of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Iona Heath of the Caversham Group Practice in London write in the June 25 issue of the British Medical Journal.

The pair outline six issues to consider before targeting drugs to such large parts of the population: When thresholds are set low, more people need to be treated before benefits appear, while rates of side-effects stay about the same. There is little direct evidence on the long-term effectiveness of the treatments. Rather, data from short-term studies are simply extrapolated over lifespans.

Side-effects tend to be under-reported for some cholesterol-lowering drugs and heart medications. Little is known about the effects of combining several preventive drug treatments at the same time. Doctors understand little about the psychological impact and wider health consequences of being labelled "at risk." The huge costs of prescribing drugs to so many people has the potential to destabilize publicly funded health-care systems.

The pair suggest the Society take these issues into account as it implements the guidelines. The guidelines recommend treating people with blood pressure of over 140/90 millimetres of mercury and serum cholesterol of 5 millimoles per litre, with no correction for age.

Canadian guidelines for those 30 or older say medication may be needed if total cholesterol is greater than 6.2 millimoles per litre. In Canada, drugs are also suggested for those under 60 with a systolic blood pressure of 140 or greater or diastolic at 90 or greater, combined with other risk factors, according to the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada's web site.

In a statement, the European Society of Cardiology said its guidelines are meant to identify those who could be helped by lifestyle changes, not to label people as sick. Drugs are only recommended for those at the highest risk.

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